科学告诉你:关于梦的5个真相
梦境之所以神秘,是因为我们对梦了解得太少,也由此产生了许多关于梦的误解。本文盘点了最常见的5个误解,并一一揭示科学真相。
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1. MISCONCEPTION: EATING CHEESE BEFORE BED CAN GIVE YOU NIGHTMARES.
误解一:睡觉前吃奶酪会做噩梦
At one point in Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer Scrooge dismisses a ghostly encounter as being just as likely from the crumb of cheese he had before bed. It sounds a bit odd, but cheese has historically gotten a bad rap for its ability to conjure nightmares. It's unlikely that a little cheddar is the root of your nighttime terrors, though.
查尔斯·狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》有这样一段情节:埃比尼泽·斯克鲁奇在遇见鬼魂后不以为然,认为是他睡觉前吃的奶酪碎屑在作祟。这听上去有点诡异,但是历史上奶酪一直有招来噩梦的坏名声。然而,吃一点切达干酪就让你做噩梦是不太可能的。
In 2005, the British Cheese Board funded a study to debunk the myths about cheese causing nightmares. As part of the experiment, 200 participants snacked on 20 grams of cheese a half-hour before bedtime. Sixty-seven percent of cheese eaters reported remembering their dreams, but none of them recorded nightmares. The dreams they did have, however, were pretty funky. One participant detailed dreaming about a vegetarian crocodile who was distressed about not being able to eat children, while another dreamed of soldiers who fought with kittens instead of guns.
2005年,英国奶酪委员会资助了一项研究,旨在揭穿吃奶酪导致做噩梦的误解。研究开展了一项实验,让200个参与者在睡觉前半小时每人摄入20克奶酪。这些吃奶酪的人有67%报告称记得自己做的梦,但是没有人自称做了噩梦。不过他们的梦相当夸张。一名参与者梦见一条吃素的鳄鱼因为无法吃小孩而感到苦恼,另一名参与者则梦见用小猫而非打仗的士兵。
2. MISCONCEPTION: WE ONLY DREAM DURING REM SLEEP.
误解二:我们只在快速眼动睡眠期间做梦
There’s a lot we don’t know about dreams, but for a long time, we were certain they only occurred during REM sleep. Now, it has been proven that we actually dream during different stages of sleep. We’re just more likely to remember the dreams we have during REM sleep. These REM sleep dreams tend to be more vivid, exciting, and just plain weird. Non-REM sleep dreams, on the other hand, are r and less emotional.
我们对梦不了解的地方还有很多,但是长时间以来,人们坚信只有快速眼动睡眠期间才会做梦。如今事实证明,我们在睡眠的不同阶段都会做梦。我们只是更容易记住在快速眼动睡眠期间做的梦。在这期间做的梦通常更生动、更刺激,而且更诡异。不在快速眼动睡眠期间做的梦则更简单,也更平淡。
3. MISCONCEPTION: DREAMS ARE ENTIRELY MEANINGLESS.
误解三:梦是毫无意义的
While it may be difficult to draw conclusions from any one particular dream, research suggests that dreams are more than just a random montage of scenes that flit through our brains at night. Recurring patterns in dreams often accurately reflect concerns people have about their daily lives. And those dreams you had about being unprepared for a test or showing up to class in your underwear aren’t limited to your high school days. A person is likely to have those dreams long after they’ve graduated, as they often crop up during times of stress. So, if you’re feeling extra anxious in the days leading up to a job interview, don’t be surprised if your subconscious revives that old math test nightmare.
尽管根据某个特别的梦得出结论或许很难,但是研究表明,梦不只是我们的大脑在夜里闪过的随机画面组合。反复做的梦通常准确地反映出人们在日常生活中的忧虑。并不是只有在高中时代才会做那种来不及备考或穿着内衣出现在课堂上的梦。一个人可能在毕业很久之后还会做这种梦,他们通常在压力大的时候梦见这些。因此,如果你在求职面试前夕感觉特别焦虑,那么就不要奇怪你的潜意识唤醒了那个数学考试的可怕旧梦。
4. MISCONCEPTION: REMEMBERING YOUR DREAMS IS AN INDICATOR OF GOOD SLEEP.
误解四:记得梦说明你睡了个好觉
Some people say that remembering your dreams in the morning is an indication of a good night's sleep, but that's not true. In fact, people with poor sleep are more likely to remember their dreams. According to a 2014 report in Cerebral Cortex, study participants who remembered their dreams had twice as much \"wakefulness,\" which could be taken to mean they woke up more often. People who remember their dreams also have higher activity in the temporoparietal junction, a part of the brain that processes information and emotions. They also reacted more strongly to sounds, which could help explain their interrupted sleep patterns. Basically, people who are sleep-deprived tend to have greater sleep intensity during the precious few hours they manage to sleep, which leads to more vivid dreams.
有些人说,早上醒来记得梦说明你睡了个好觉,但这种说法是错的。事实上,睡眠差的人更可能记得自己的梦。2014年发表在期刊《大脑皮层》上一篇研究报告称,记得自己梦的研究参与者“失眠程度”是其他人的两倍,这意味着他们更频繁地醒来。记得自己梦的人大脑中处理信息和情感的颞顶交界处的活动水平更高。他们对声音的反应也更强烈,这有助于解释为什么他们的睡眠频频被打断。基本上,失眠者在宝贵的几小时睡眠时间内睡眠强度更大,从而导致他们的梦更生动。
5. MISCONCEPTION: NOT EVERYONE DREAMS.
误解五:不是每个人都做梦
A 2015 French study published in the Journal of Sleep Researchsought to find whether or not everyone dreams. The researchers studied individuals with REM sleep behavior disorder, which causes people to act out their dreams while they’re sleeping. Fewer than 4 percent of the study’s participants claimed they never dreamed. But the researcher’s analysis says otherwise. They observed the participants while they slept, and found that even those who denied dreaming still moved in a way that suggested they were, in fact, dreaming. It’s more likely people just don’t remember their dreams. Though adults average four to six dreams per night, most people forget between 95 to 99 percent of them.
2015年发表在《睡眠研究杂志》上的一项法国研究想弄清楚是否每个人都做梦。研究人员对快速眼部活动睡眠行为紊乱者进行了研究,这些人在睡眠期间会一边做梦一边乱动。不到4%的研究参与者自称从不做梦。但是研究人员的分析却发现不是如此。他们在参与者睡觉时对他们进行了观察,结果发现即使是那些否认做梦的人仍然会做出一些动作,表明他们事实上在做梦。所以更可能的情况是,人们只是不记得自己的梦。尽管成年人每夜平均睡4到6小时,但多数人会忘记95%到99%的梦。
英文来源:Mental Floss
翻译&编辑:丹妮
来源:中国日报网
一个人,梦见离世的某个人时,有这三个征兆
美国浪漫主义诗人爱伦坡说过这样一句话——我们所看见的或以为的不过是梦境中的梦境。
这个世界有白天黑夜,人的一生,一半活在现实里,一半活在梦里。
俗话说,日有所思,夜有所梦。
对某个人念念不忘,就会常常在梦里“遇见”。
很奇怪的是,有的人已经离开了很久,还是会在某一天莫名其妙梦见,一梦醒来,恍如隔世。
古代民间有托梦一说,相传宋高宗被宋太祖托梦——你的祖先占据了我的帝位,如今是时候还给我了。因此宋高宗立太祖八世孙为太祖。
《水浒传》第第二六回写道——你若是负屈含寃,被人害了,托梦与我。
一个人,梦见离去的某个人时,是有征兆的。
01太过于思念某个人
每个人的一生都有几个最重要的人,父母,爱人,儿女,以及人生中最好的知己。
岁月不饶人,总有一些人先一步离去,当他们离去那一刻,无法接受,却也倍感无奈。
听一个朋友讲,她小时候是被爷爷奶奶养大的,父母常年在外工作,她只能住在爷爷奶奶家里,爷爷奶奶对她特别好。
她长大后离开家乡,很少再见到爷爷奶奶,最近几年因为一些原因,她一直没能回家。
有一天晚上她做了一个梦,梦见小时候爷爷牵着她的手过马路,去对面的小商店给她买方便面,回家奶奶给她煮面吃,她把面吃光了,爷爷喝碗里剩下的汤……
没过几天,家里就打来电话说,你爷爷快不行了。
母亲已经六十多了,常听她讲,她总能遇见小时候的事情,梦见她的父亲,梦见弟弟妹妹,尤其她的小妹,她永远也忘不了妹妹小时候的样子。小姨在很小的时候就去世了。
思念一个人常常会掉下眼泪,也许只是因为这个人对自己太重要了,上天总喜欢和人开玩笑,人世间总是充满了不幸。
心理学家弗洛伊德认为——梦境往往代表着做梦者神秘的无意识状态,它能够映射出做梦者最深层次的想法。
这也就是人们常说的,为什么总会不停重复的遇见某一个人或者某一件事,本质上就是因为“无法忘怀”。
02挥之不去的阴影
人的一生难免经历一些悲伤和痛苦,在人的心里留下巨大的阴影,以至于一辈子无法忘记,即便那份经历已经被岁月消磨,但只要勾起一点点回忆,精神会立刻变得紧张,即便自认为变得足够成熟,依然不能彻底释怀。
有一位同事讲起她的父亲,就会情绪高涨,打破别人对她从容理性成熟的印象,她说,她从小生活在单亲家庭,小时候的父亲性格暴躁,整日酗酒,动不动就打她和她的母亲。
她这一辈子最恨的人就是父亲,直到有一天她父亲离开了人世,她还是哭了。
此后这么多年,她常常会梦见她的父亲,梦见那不堪回首的往事,当从噩梦中惊醒,身旁的爱人紧紧抱着她,轻声安抚她道——没事的,一切都过去了。
也有一些挥之不去的阴影,是无法原谅自己曾经犯下的错。
有个民间故事讲道,从前在五台山有一个和尚经常做噩梦,梦见自己下了地狱,遇见种种可怕的景象。
他去请教师傅,师傅便让他一心一意诵经,他谨遵教诲,此后每天认真诵经,可是依然噩梦不止。
他再去请教师傅,师傅想了想说——一定是你在没出家前造下了罪孽,这就是因果报应,只要诚心悔过,便可以全部消除。
和尚听了幡然醒悟,此后坚持忏悔,不断改进自我,时间久了,就再也不做噩梦了。
面对某个离去的人,总是充满了遗憾——他一定对我很失望吧?为什么没能在他活着的时候满足他的愿望!总是觉得对某个人亏欠太多……
人这一生哪有十全十美,每个人都会犯错,每个人都会经历一些坎坷,学会放下,学会反思,无论什么时候都要勿忘心安,梦里,自然也就会安然。
03因为失去某个人,不知道怎么活了
小区里有一对老年夫妇,前些年总能看见他们一前一后,在小区里遛弯,过了几年后,突然发现两个人变成了一个人,转眼到了今天,已经再也看不到他们的身影。
有个亲戚家也是如此,前些年去拜访他们,老太太得了癌症,老先生哭着说,要是她走了我也不活了,老太太走后,这才几年光景,老先生也悄然离去。
人生下来本来就是孤独的,一个人瓜瓜坠地,幸好有父母抚养长大。
有一天父母老了,那“苍老”仿佛是一瞬间的事情,日子过得匆匆忙忙,忽略了时光飞逝,某一天突然传来噩耗,人走茶凉。
习惯了一进家门就喊一声“妈”,又喊了几声,却仍然没有回响,许久过后才缓过神来,不禁放声大哭。
习惯了出双入对,一转眼就是一辈子,人在的时候,没发觉生活有什么问题,当一个人先行离去,会害怕到不敢再进那件屋子,生活突然变得无所适从。
就像杨绛先生在回忆录里写的——他说,从今以后,只有生离,没有死别。
因此常常会做一个梦,梦里某个人还在身边,吃着平凡的饭,过着平凡的生活,梦一醒,却久久不愿醒来,梦里的故事,仿佛就发生在昨天。
因为失去某个人,不知道怎么活了,所以悲伤、绝望、痛苦。
可是,那些真正在乎你的人,却不愿意看见你活在痛苦中,如果这个世界真有天堂,他们一定在天堂里愿意看见你活得开心一点。
因此,好好吃好每一顿饭,好好睡好每一个觉,愿你的梦里没有彷徨,没有恐惧,没有苦难,没有辛酸。
如若再次梦见那些一生无法忘却的人,就请告诉他们——放心吧,我过得挺好的,这辈子能遇见你们,此生无憾!